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关于加强音像制品运输传递管理的通知
文化部、铁道部、交通部、邮电部、民航总局



各省、自治区、直辖市文化厅（局）、音像制品行政管理部门，交通厅（局）、邮电管理局、铁路局、民航各地区管理局：
近年来，一些单位和个人为牟取暴利，在非法音像制品的制作点和集散地购买非法音像制品，并通过铁路、公路、航空或邮寄等方式运往全国各地，严重冲击了音像制品发行的合法渠道和音像市场的正常秩序。为了加强音像市场管理，进一步做好保护知识产权的工作，在继续查处走私
、盗版、复制非法音像制品黑窝点的同时，要切实加强音像制品运输传递环节的管理，充分发挥铁路、交通、民航、邮电系统在流通渠道堵截非法音像制品的优势，有效地打击各种非法音像制品经营活动。现将有关问题通知如下：
一、通过车站、港口、机场、邮局跨省（自治区、直辖市）托运、邮寄并提取大宗音像制品的，必须是经文化部核准登记的音像制品总批发单位。省（自治区、直辖市）内托运、邮寄并提取大宗音像制品的，必须是经所在省、自治区、直辖市音像制品行政管理部门核准登记的音像制品
批发单位。其他单位不得办理音像制品托运、邮寄业务。
二、托运或邮寄大宗音像制品，发货和收货单位必须持相应的《音像制品批发经营许可证》和所在省、地（市）分管音像市场的音像制品行政管理部门出具的核准证明，办理托运和交寄或提取手续。车站、港口、机场、邮局按规定核验无误后，方可受理托运、收寄或交付，并在货运或
邮寄清单上注明发证机关和发货或收货承办人身份证号码，发或收货证明附在存根背面存档，以备查验。
三、按包裹或快递小包邮寄的音像制品，交寄人必须出具县以上分管音像市场的音像制品行政管理部门的核准证明。收寄时应在相关的包裹详情单上注明核准证明号码和出具机关以及收寄人身份证号码，并将核准证明附收据存根背面存档，以备查验。
四、各地分管音像市场的音像制品行政管理部门要认真审核托运或邮寄音像制品货主的有关证件，符合规定条件的，出具核准证明。车站、港口、机场、邮局要按规定严格核验发货人或收货人的有关批准文件和音像制品节目名称、数量，切实加强音像制品托运或邮寄、验货、交付环节
的管理，如发现非法音像制品，立即予以扣留，并及时报告当地分管音像市场的音像制品行政管理部门查处。
五、各地在运输传递环节截获的大宗非法音像制品要妥为封存，并上报所在省、自治区、直辖市分管音像市场的音像制品行政管理部门。要根据托运或邮寄线索，深挖制作、复录、加工、传播非法音像制品的黑窝点和集散地，并将查处情况速报文化部。




1996年3月26日



On the release of goods without Presentation of B/L in carriage of goods by sea
——Taking into consideration the introspection and query to the focus of issue of releasing of goods without B/L


Summary Introduction

Bills of lading, the document invented by European merchant, has become the basis of international trade and shipping by hundreds of years’ practice, customs and improvements.[1] These years, the case of taking delivery without B/L has been a large proportion in maritime trials, becoming the focus of the issue of B/L. It has been a long time people argued its nature, legal responsibility and the legal validity of the letter of guarantee. Some people even say “taking delivery without B/L nearly is one of the ‘aberrant’ ocean carriage acts relating to the most problems in theory and practice.”[2] It will be necessary to thrash over the problem for carrier, the owner of goods, agent of shipping and goods and the parties of trade, and it will be beneficial to improve our credit of foreign trade. This article will regulate these issues systematically and try to interpellate the viewpoint about the character of this act and the validity of the letter of guarantee. Meanwhile it will recognize the legal responsibility of the issue logically from a new angular .At last it will give some resolutions to solve the problem of taking delivery without original B/L.
















List of content


1. Legal basis of taking delivery with original B/L:
(a). The legal character of B/L demands of taking delivery with original B/L
(b). Taking delivery with original B/L is an international usage
2. The judgment, causality, typical model and demur of the act of releasing of goods without B/L:
(a). The criterion for judgment of the act of releasing of goods without B/L
(b). The causality and typical model of releasing of goods without B/L
(c). The demur of releasing of goods without B/L
3. The responsibility attribution and exertion of legal capacity to sue of releasing of goods without B/L—— the criticism to the “doctrine of breach of contract ”, “doctrine of tort ”, “doctrine of concurrent”
(a). The doctrines of the responsibility attribution of releasing of goods without B/L and the evaluation of them
(b). The posteriori from the logically subsequent of the responsibility attribution of releasing of goods without B/L
4. Letter of guarantee of releasing of goods without B/L—— the interpellation to recent theory and practice
(a). The nature of letter of guarantee
(b). The validity of letter of guarantee —— the interpellation to the criterion of “good faith and malice”.
(c). The extending tendency of the independence of letter of guarantee ——Demand Guarantees.
5. The resolution to the issue of releasing of goods without B/L.
(a). The advice given to solve the issue
(b). The evaluation to the advice mentioned above and the viewpoint about it